专用集成电路与系统国家重点实验室
讲座信息

 
题  目：Quantum measurement/metrology in the future: measuring the single quantum?
报告人：郝琳（英国国家物理实验室）
时  间：2015年6月29日（周一）上午10:00-11:00
地  点：邯郸校区微电子学楼B213室

 
Abstract
Measurement is at the heart of all physics and the issue of quantum measurement has come to the fore recently. Some progress has been made over the past 50 years in understanding the philosophy behind the measurement process but more recently remarkable progress has been made in sensitive measurements at very small length scales, approaching nanometres. New physics and technologies can always be expected to emerge and these will require developments and modifications to our understanding of the measurement process.  At the present time perhaps the strongest expected area for development which the author envisages is the tendency for measurement to change from concerning itself with average properties of ensembles (e.g. pressure of a gas, temperature of an ensemble of water molecules, magnetisation of a ferromagnet, power in an electromagnetic wave) to measurement on single entities. These already begin to appear in the form of single atom, ion or photon detection and measurement but can be expected to be extended to the technologically important areas of single spins, single THz photons and even phonons in the future. Another question asks’ What is the temperature of a single gas molecule? Significant developments may also be expected in the measurement of quite different physical quantities from those currently measured, for example spin current or single phonon detection. My talk will describe some recent work at NPL within this context and will suggest some future directions.

Biography
Prof Ling Hao received the BSc degree in general physics and the MSc degree in solid state physics from Beijing Normal University, China. She moved to the UK in 1992 and received the PhD degree at the Department of Physics and Applied Physics, University of Strathclyde, UK, for research on electronic noise in superconducting devices in 1995. Since then she has worked at NPL. She is leading work on applications of nanoscience, superconducting electronics and microwave technology for precision measurements, aimed at single particle measurements and metrology with nanoSQUIDs and nanoelectromechanical system (NEMS) resonators. She is also leading working on low dimensional carbon, including carbon nanotubes and graphene transport measurements.
She is a Principal Research Scientist in the Quantum Detection Group at NPL, a Fellow of the Institute of Physics and a visiting professor at Imperial College, London and Harbin Institute Technology, China. She has published more than 140 research papers in refereed journals as well as writing four book chapters. She is a member of the Institute of Physics Superconductivity Committee.
Her work in the UK has focussed on novel research applications of superconducting electronics (especially SQUIDs), nanoscience (carbon nanotubes and graphene) and microwave resonance as applied to precision measurement and technology. These have ranged from the study of noise processes in high temperature superconducting SQUIDs, novel single entity noise thermometry (QRNT) to high Q microwave cavity measurements for frequency standards. She is currently leading work related to various aspects of nanoscience and metrology, including nano-electromechanical systems (NEMS) for precision displacement measurement using optical and microwave techniques; the development of low noise nanoSQUIDs for a number of future metrology applications (e.g. nanomagnetic particle and single spin detection, single particle bolometers); transport properties of low dimensional carbon materials (e.g. carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene); and the development of devices and sensors based on those materials for quantum detection techniques.